SPECIES PROTECTION NEWS
presenting current species protection issues of particular
importance to D.C.S.P.
TRANSLATIONS TO BE COMPLETED SOON ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.) Amphibians in Human Nutrition.
3.) Pancake Tortoise
5.) The Whale Shark
8.) Coming soon
| 1.) Amphibians in Human Nutrition. | ||
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Da Fleisch an Fasttagen verboten
war, wurde der Frosch auf Grund seiner "Kaltblütigkeit" und
seiner amphibischen Lebensweise ähnlich wie Fisch von der Kirch zum Verzehr
freigegeben. Zwischen einem Duzend bis zwanzig Stück Froschschenkelpaaren
waren pro Person anzumessen. Es wurden nur die Schenkel gegessen, der
Rest des Tieres war Abfall. |
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| © D.C.S.P. Josef Schmuck | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Konsequenzen des Froschkonsums * den Hunger der meist ohnehin hungernden
Bevölkerung in den Ursprungsländern noch größer macht
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| Proposal by China to include Camptotheca acuminata in Appendix II in accordance with the provisions of Article II, §2(a) (Prop.11.58) | |||
| This member of the dogwood family only grows on the southern Yangtse river in China. There are probably an estimated 4000 plants left in the wild. Approximately 1000 kg of pure camptothecin, the alkaloid substance produced by this tree, and 500 kg of naturally dried seeds are exported every year. | The
species is cultivated in and outside China. Camptothecin is used in AIDS
therapies and is also used to treat stomach, bladder and colorectal cancer
as well as leukocyte diseases. China currently cultivates some 750,000 specimens
which are at least 15 years old. So far, it has not been possible to produce
camptothecin synthetically. The demand for this pharmaceutical substance
is growing, and as a result so is the pressure on the wild plants. China
is currently the only producer of camptothecin. Even now, the present stock
of cultivated plants can hardly keep pace with global demands. The application
fulfils the criteria for Appendix II listing. China surprisingly withdrew this justified proposal at the Gigiri conference in Kenya (Cop.11). Pressure exerted by business stakeholders, particularly the pharmaceuticals industry, was evidently quite substantial. However, nothing has changed with regard to the endangered status of this valuable tree. On the contrary, the situation is worsening year by year. |
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D.C.S.P. recommends that China resubmit this more than justified proposal at the next conference of the Parties in Santiage de Chile and that the CITES member states not forget this species and lend their support to listing it in Appendix II. |
| 3.) Pancake Tortoise. | ||
| Proposal
by Kenya and the United States of Amerika to transfer Malacochersus tornieri from Appendix II to Appendix I (Prop.11.39) |
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| © D.C.S.P. Josef Schmuck | ||
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This "soft" land tortoise only occurs in Kenya and Tanzania. This species is often offered for sale in the pet trade, also in Austria. Although the species is difficult to keep (extremely sensitive to temperature), it is very popular among terrarium owners because of its unique appearance. Currently, some 5000 specimens are being taken from the wild and exported every year, both legally and illegally by neighbouring countries. In addition to heavy trading, the loss of habitat is equally alarming. What is more, the reproductive rate is very low, usually just one egg per clutch. The going price is US$ 400 per specimen. In 1995, the CITES Standing Committee recommended neighbouring countries not to import this species from Tanzania. Although there are some isolated captive breeding programmes, for the pet trade these are of no significance whatsoever. Trade is exclusively in specimens taken from the wild. Kenya withdrew this justified proposal at the Gigiri species protection conference in Kenya (Cop.11) at the insistence of Tansania. Tansania promised not to take any wild animals from this natural habitats, only selling caprive-bred animals born at special breeding stations to the international animal trade. In view of the fact that this tortoise is extremely unsuitable as a pet due to its special living habits and susceptibility to temperature, the question is why they are being sold in pet stores at all? |
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Proposal
by Australia and the United States of America to include Carcharodon carcharias |
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The Great White Shark, made popular by a sensational film that portrayed this important predator as a diabolical beast, with the effect that this fish has been heavily hunted ever since this film was screened. Every deep-sea "sporting" angler went out hunting for it. Its terrible teeth were used to decorate sitting-rooms as proof of the "manliness" of the catcher. This "macho craze" has depleted populations by 20% over the past ten years, and the trend is still downward. |
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The
conference of the Parties in
Gigiri in Kenya (Cop.11) saw very heated debate leading to the proposal
being amended to only list the species in Appendix II. Three supporting
countries and three opposing countries were asked to comment. Kenya, Portugal
(speaking for the EU) and New Zealand supported the proposal with some
very good arguments, while Panama, Japan and Singapore ran the proposal
down. Iceland, one of the most ruthless exploiters of nature, also brought
politics into play, proposing a secret ballot, knowing full well that
many states were just waiting to "get one over" on the proponents.
As a result, relevant and scientific arguments were lost in the political
intrigue. 51 countries voted in favour, 47 against, 8 abstained, 1 vote
was invalid. Because no 2/3 majority was achieved, the proposal was rejected,
much to the disappointment of the numerous NGOs particularly dedicated
to protecting sharks. |
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Proposal
by the United States of America to include Rincodon typus |
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The Earth's largest fish lives in all warm oceans and is rare in all its habitats. It is hunted for its meat and fins, which are traded in Asia. The total global population can be classified as endangered, the number of animals is constantly diminishing, quite drastically so in some local populations. The products and commercial exploitation of this fish are an expensive and totally unnecessary luxury. |
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The neighbouring states, particularly Indonesia, rejected the proposal in at the conference of the Parties in Gigiri in Kenya (Cop.11). It was submitted that it was not possible to identify derivates. Iceland, Norway, Cuba, Singapore, China, Japan and Korea were all opposed to the proposal. The entire EU (Portugal as spokesman),The Czech Republic, The Phillipines and Australia supported the proposal very well. Iceland wanted a secret ballot, which was, however, rejected. The show of hands resulted in 51 countries in favour of listing, 40 against, and 13 abstentions. The result was sobering for species protectors, because the maximum ratio of states against to states in favour would have been 25/51. |
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| Proposal
by the United Kingdom to include Cetorhinus maximus in Appendix II (Prop.11.49) |
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With the two previous sharks having failed miserably, discussions on the basking shark were brief. To everyone's great surprise, this species achieved the best result for listing. 62 states were in favour of listing, 39 were opposed (8 too many), 6 abstained. As a result of this close outcome and the inadequate discussion, Great Britain managed to have the plenary discussion resumed. Following heated debate, there was a secret ballot, as proposed by Singapore. 67 states supported the proposal, 42 (9 too many) opposed it, and 8 abstained. To sum up, we can say that all three shark proposals suffered at the hands of politics as well as because Norway and Japan, in particular, failed to get whales unlisted and Cuba failed to get turtles unlisted. As a result, these three countries lobbied against the three shark porposals. It is sad to see commercial interests win through - often abetted by corruption. |
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If
it is resubmitted at the next conference of the Parties in Santiage de
Chile, D.C.S.P. believes that it the has best prospects of success. Above
all, it is necessary to get even more detailed data on the eligibility
of this species for listing.
The CITES member states should lend strong support to listing the species in Appendix II. |
| 7.) Ornamental Tarantulas | ||
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Proposal
by Sri Lanka and the United States of America to include all species in
the genus Poecilotheria |
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All 13 species occur either in Southern India or Sri lanka. All Sri Lankan species are protected by local legislation, while the Indian species are not. As the species only lay some 100 eggs per year, because of the high rate of juvenile mortality caused by predators, and because the species is very short-lived anyway, it goes without saying that it reacts extremely sensitively to excessive harvesting from the wild. The species are traded internationally. After listing the genus Brachypelma, trade switched over particularly to this genus. Locally protected animals are constantly being sold from Sri Lanka as Indian species. Populations are already vulnerable. Almost all species can be captive-bred very well, as is the case, for example, in Austria. The animals are offered for sale both as live and pinned specimens. The genus fulfils all criteria for listing in Appendix II. |
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the second neighbouring state, India supported the proposal and confirmed
ongoing smuggling activities of the Sri Lankan species. The USA even went
as far as to say that some species fulfil all criteria for listing in
Appendix I. It was disgraceful that the EU (represented by Portugal) and
Switzerland rejected this proposal. India indicated that it will be protecting
all the Indian species by local legislation. The vote showed 49 states
in favour of listing, 30 against and 27 (!!!) abstentions. It is a shame
that so many states have absolutely no interest. The
fact is that smuggling with these showy species is still flourishing.
It is not possible to take the species from the wild legally as all species
are now protected by local legislation. Therefore we advise supporting
India and Sri Lanka in their protection efforts by listing all species
in Appendix II. |
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An
important task will be to do a lot of convincing in the der EU as well.
D.C.S.P. recommends resubmitting this justified proposal at the next conference of the Parties Santiage de Chile. The CITES member states should lend strong support to listing the species in Appendix I. |
| 8.) |
| [CONTENTS] |